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Secure Microcontroller User’s Guide
62 of 187
7. POWER MANAGEMENT
All secure microcontrollers are implemented using CMOS circuitry for low power consumption. Two
software-initiated modes are available for further power saving at times when processing is not required
and V
CC
is at normal operating voltage. These are the idle and stop modes. The additional third mode is
the data retention or zero-power state, which is made possible by the on-chip circuitry. The control and
status bits that apply to these operating modes are contained in the PCON register and are summarized in
Control/Status Bits for Power Control. In addition, Table 7-A summarizes the state of external pins in
each of these modes.
7.1 Idle Mode
Idle mode suspends activity of the CPU but allows the timer/counters, I/O pins, and serial port to continue
their operation. This greatly reduces the number of switching nodes and thereby dramatically reduces the
total power consumption of the device. Idle mode is useful for applications in which lower power
consumption is desired with fast response to external interrupts but no other processing.
Software invokes idle mode by setting the IDL bit (PCON.0) to a logic 1. The instruction that sets this bit
is the last instruction executed before idle mode operation begins. Once in idle mode, the microprocessor
preserves the entire CPU status including the stack pointer, program counter, program status word,
accumulator, and RAM. There are two ways to terminate the idle mode. The first is from an interrupt that
has been previously enabled prior to entering idle mode. This will clear the IDL bit and cause the CPU to
enter the interrupt service routine as normal. When the RETI instruction is executed, the next instruction
that is executed is the one that immediately follows the instruction that set the IDL bit.
The second method of terminating the idle mode is by a reset. At this time the IDL bit is cleared and the
CPU is placed in the reset state. Since the clock oscillator continues to run in the idle mode, an oscillator
startup delay (referred to as t
POR
in the AC Electrical Specifications in the data sheet) is not generated
following the reset. Two machine cycles are required to complete the reset operation (24 oscillator
periods). It should be noted that the watchdog timer continues to run during idle and that a reset from the
on-chip watchdog timer terminates idle mode.
- Rev 1/14 1
- TABLE OF CONTENTS 2
- 4 of 187 4
- LIST OF FIGURES 5
- LIST OF TABLES 6
- 1. INTRODUCTION 7
- 1.2 Software Security 7
- Separate Address/Data Bus 8
- Large Nonvolatile Memory 8
- In-System Loading 8
- High-Reliability Operation 8
- 1.3 Product Description 9
- 2. SELECTOR GUIDE 12
- 13 of 187 13
- Scratchpad Registers 14
- Serial I/O 14
- Programmable Timers 14
- 15 of 187 15
- Parallel I/O 16
- Program/Data RAM Interface 16
- High-Reliability Circuitry 16
- Software Encryption Logic 16
- Security Lock Logic 16
- Vector RAM 17
- Timed-Access Logic 17
- Watchdog Timer 17
- Resident Loader ROM 17
- 4. PROGRAMMER’S GUIDE 18
- 4.1.1 Internal Registers 19
- 21 of 187 21
- DS5000 SERIES MCON REGISTER 24
- Partition Table 25
- 29 of 187 29
- 30 of 187 30
- 32 of 187 32
- Figure 4-9. DS5000 SFR Map 34
- 35 of 187 35
- PCON, 087H 36
- Power Control Register 36
- Timer Control Register 37
- TCON, 088H 37
- Timer Mode Register 38
- TMOD, 089H 38
- Serial Control Register 39
- SCON, 098H 39
- Interrupt Enable Register 40
- IE, 0A8H 40
- Interrupt Priority Register 41
- IP, 0B8H 41
- DS5001 CRC Register 42
- CRC, 0C1H 42
- MCON, 0C6H 42
- 43 of 187 43
- PAA 43
- DS5001/DS5002 MCON Register 44
- Program Status Word Register 45
- PSW, 0D0H 45
- RPCTL, 0D8H 46
- RPS, 0DAH 47
- 4.9 Instruction Set 48
- 4.10 Addressing Modes 48
- 49 of 187 49
- 4.11 Program Status Flags 50
- 5. MEMORY INTERCONNECT 51
- DS5002FP 54
- 6. LITHIUM/BATTERY BACKUP 58
- 6.1 Data Retention 58
- Battery-Backed Circuits 58
- Battery-Attach Procedure 59
- Battery Lifetime 60
- Using Lithium Cells 61
- Freshness Seal 61
- 7. POWER MANAGEMENT 62
- 7.1 Idle Mode 62
- 63 of 187 63
- 7.2 Stop Mode 64
- 7.4 Power-Fail Interrupt 64
- 7.5 Total Power Failure 65
- 7.6 Partial Power Failures 66
- 8. SOFTWARE CONTROL 68
- 8.1 Timed Access 68
- Figure 8-1. Timed Access 69
- 8.2 Watchdog Timer 70
- 8.3 CRC Memory Verification 71
- 72 of 187 72
- Figure 8-2. CRC Code Example 73
- 9. FIRMWARE SECURITY 74
- Security Overview 74
- 9.1 Security Lock 74
- 9.2 RAM Memory 75
- 9.3 Encrypted Memory 76
- 77 of 187 77
- 9.4 Encryption Algorithm 78
- 9.5 Encryption Key 78
- 9.7 Dummy Bus Access 79
- 9.8 On-Chip Vector RAM 79
- 9.9 Self-Destruct Input 80
- 81 of 187 81
- Avoid Clear Text 82
- Avoid CRC or Checksum 83
- Use Random Values 83
- Change Code 83
- External Circuits 84
- Tamper Protection 84
- 10. RESET CONDITIONS 85
- 10.1 Reset Sources 85
- Reset Status Bits 85
- Table 10-A. SFR Reset States 86
- 10.1.1 Power-On Reset 87
- 10.1.2 No-V 88
- Power-On Reset 88
- 10.1.3 External Reset 88
- 10.1.4 Watchdog Timer Reset 88
- 10.2 Memory Map 89
- 10.3 Interrupts 90
- 10.4 Timers 90
- 91 of 187 91
- 11. INTERRUPTS 92
- 11.1 Interrupt Sources 92
- 11.2 External Interrupts 93
- 11.3 Timer Interrupts 93
- 11.4 Serial Port Interrupts 93
- 11.6 Simulated Interrupts 94
- 11.7 Interrupt Priorities 96
- 11.8 Interrupt Acknowledge 97
- 12. PARALLEL I/O 99
- 12.1 Output Functions 102
- 12.2 Input Function 103
- 12.5 RPC Interrupts 106
- 12.6 RPC Protocol 107
- 12.7 DMA Operation 107
- 108 of 187 108
- 13. PROGRAMMABLE TIMERS 109
- 13.1 Functional Description 109
- 110 of 187 110
- 13.2 Mode 0 111
- 13.3 Mode 1 111
- 13.4 Mode 2 112
- 13.5 Mode 3 114
- 14. SERIAL I/O 115
- 14.1 Function Description 115
- Serial Port Control Register 117
- 14.2 Baud Rate Generation 118
- 119 of 187 119
- 14.4 Asynchronous Operation 120
- 121 of 187 121
- 122 of 187 122
- 123 of 187 123
- 124 of 187 124
- Mode 2 and 3 125
- 126 of 187 126
- 127 of 187 127
- 128 of 187 128
- 15. CPU TIMING 130
- 15.1 Oscillator 130
- 15.2 Instruction Timing 131
- 132 of 187 132
- 136 of 187 136
- 16. PROGRAM LOADING 137
- 138 of 187 138
- 16.4 Exiting the Loader 139
- 142 of 187 142
- 16.8 Command Line Interface 143
- 16.9 Command Line Syntax 143
- Important Application Note 144
- 16.10 Command Summaries 145
- 146 of 187 146
- 147 of 187 147
- 16.11 Error Messages 148
- 16.12 Intel Hex File Format 149
- 152 of 187 152
- 153 of 187 153
- 154 of 187 154
- 17. REAL-TIME CLOCK (RTC) 155
- 17.1 DS5000T/DS2250T RTC 155
- 156 of 187 156
- 17.3 Registers 160
- 17.4 Special Bits 160
- 17.5 DS2251T/DS2252T RTC 162
- 17.6 Memory Map 163
- 165 of 187 165
- 166 of 187 166
- 168 of 187 168
- 169 of 187 169
- 170 of 187 170
- 171 of 187 171
- 172 of 187 172
- 173 of 187 173
- 174 of 187 174
- 175 of 187 175
- 18. TROUBLESHOOTING 176
- 177 of 187 177
- 178 of 187 178
- 18.7 Do’s and Don’ts 179
- 180 of 187 180
- 19. INSTRUCTION SET DETAILS 181
- MNEMONIC 183
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